Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by reduced bone density and strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone or both. This imbalance disrupts the normal bone remodeling process, resulting in bones becoming porous and brittle.
Osteoporosis often develops silently over many years without symptoms until a fracture occurs, typically in the spine, hip or wrist. Risk factors include aging, hormonal changes (such as menopause), family history, low calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, sedentary lifestyle and certain medications.
Diagnosis involves bone density testing, such as the DEXA scan and evaluation of fracture risk factors. Management includes lifestyle modifications (exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake), medication to prevent bone loss and fall prevention strategies. Early detection and intervention are crucial in preventing fractures and maintaining bone health.
By Urvi P. Vyas, M.D.
